Audit Report on Database Security and Performance Management

Review Report on Database Security and Performance Management Official SUMMARY This report covers an audit of the Security and execution issues, with the regard to the size and limit of the information the board in Organic Cosmetics Ltd. We are running an organization with a complete number of more than 100 workers and huge client base national and worldwide. In synopsis, we discovered a few inadequacies in security uprightness and execution as far as question advancement and just as regions where enhancements are justified as recorded beneath; 1. No appropriate method of lessening Sensitive Data Exposure which will thusly be crushing to the organization, if not sifted through at the earliest opportunity. 2. Inadequacy in the method of recognizing Threats from Inside and Outside 3.Deficiency in the method of creating Secure Applications 4. As far as execution enhancement, there is no appropriate lists set up to improve and accelerate recoveries of inquiries that are taking too long to even think about executing. Points AND OBJECTIVES The primary focus on the report is to do the correct methodology and strategies that is ideal to do the better security execution and inquiry advancement for authoritative administration execution. What's more, after a legitimate interview with specialists and point by point research we have all that is produces to actualize and results changes to these insufficiencies. A portion of our destinations are; Reducing Sensitive Data Exposure in Applications by presenting an Oracle Advanced Security information redaction which gives particular, on-the-fly redaction of delicate information in inquiry results before show by applications. Restricting Sensitive Data Exposure When Sharing Data, we have had the option to set up Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting. Insufficiency in the method of creating Secure Applications, we have had the option to source out cutting edge and increasingly complex safety efforts presented by prophet Database 12c Real Application Security, which is Oracles cutting edge database approval structure and the industrys most exceptional answer for creating secure applications called Basic Fine Grained Access Control (Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD)) and the Real Application Security (RAS). Execution advancement, there is no appropriate files set up to enhance and accelerate recoveries of questions that are taking too long to even think about executing. There should propel type of adaptability which is the capacity of a framework to process more outstanding task at hand, with a corresponding increment in framework asset use, there we need to pick an effective execution technique for handling an inquiry. APPROACH The most ideal method of decreasing delicate date introduction is by the Redaction procedure. Redaction is the way toward cleaning out information. Envision a paper archive with specific fields fixed with a dark marker. Prophet Advanced Security information redaction works comparatively however on application information put away in the database. Since it is implemented inside the database, it is conceivable to reliably redact database segments across various application modules getting to similar information. Information redaction limits changes to applications since it doesn't adjust real information in inside database cradles, reserves, or capacity, and it protects the first information type and designing when changed information is come back to the application. Information redaction has no effect on database operational exercises, for example, reinforcement and reestablish, redesign and fix, and high accessibility bunches. Since we handle a great deal of huge exchanges OCL, it will be smarter to utilize information redaction to ensure our information are made sure about. The development of creation information significantly expands the hazard to information and builds the general expense of security and consistence. Veiling of information before it is moved from creation dispenses with the danger of information penetrates in non-creation situations by irreversibly supplanting the first touchy information with imaginary information so information can be securely shared. Utilizing Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting empowers whole duplicates or subsets of utilization information to be removed from the database, jumbled, and imparted to accomplices inside and outside of the business. In particular, during the jumbling procedure, application trustworthiness is safeguarded by keeping up information connections across application tables. Prophet Data Masking and Subsetting improves security by decreasing the extent of information presented to accomplice associations. Consistence costs are brought down by narrowing the consistence limit for test and advancement gatherings. The following is a case of information being conceal. Rather than four lines in Name and pay section the concealing has decreased it the lines and traded the information store in every segment lines. The answer for insufficiency in the method of creating Secure Applications is by embracing the accompanying procedure, which we have had the option to source out. It is a progressed and progressively refined safety efforts presented by prophet Database 12c Real Application Security, which is Oracles cutting edge database approval structure and the industrys most exceptional answer for creating secure applications called Basic Fine Grained Access Control (Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD)) and the Real Application Security(RAS). Prophet Virtual Private Database (VPD), presented in Oracle8i, is generally utilized today to uphold fine grained get to control inside applications. It permits application designers to relate a put away PL/SQL program unit with an application table, view, or equivalent word. The program unit fires when the application object is gotten to by means of SQL. The program unit figures a predicate or where condition that is annexed to the first SQL explanation. By and large, the program module will question explicit meta information tables containing data on client jobs and benefits as almost every application today has its own special arrangement of security tables. Another regular methodology utilized with VPD is to instate an Oracle application setting when another application client is introduced inside the application. Genuine Application Security(RAS). Dissimilar to the fundamental Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD), Oracle Database 12c Real Application Security (RAS) gives a strong revelatory model that permits designers to characterize the information security strategy dependent on application clients, jobs and benefits inside the Oracle Database. The new Oracle Database 12c RAS innovation is progressively secure, adaptable, and savvy than the customary Oracle VPD innovation. Genuine application security gives a revelatory interface that permits designers to characterize the information security strategy, application jobs, and application clients without requiring application engineers to make and look after PL/SQLstored methodology. The information security arrangements are characterized inside the database part utilizing the Oracle Database 12c RAS API. The authorizations related with business objects are put away in Access Control Lists (ACLs). Leg tendons are a key part of RAS and store the benefits alloted to principals and control the kind of tasks: select, addition, refresh and erase that can be performed on the items. These are a portion of the helpfulness of Real Application Security gives the cutting edge approval engineering for applications that will be required in Organic Cosmetics Limited (OCL): 1.Uniform Data Security: The RAS Security model permits uniform detail and requirement of access control arrangements on business protests independent of the entrance way. It defeats the impediment of specially manufactured methodologies that possibly work when an article is gotten to through the particular code way that approaches control rationale installed into it. 2. Secure End User Identity Propagation: Application meetings permit the end client personality and related ascribes to be passed on safely to the database permitting the database to utilize the data for end-client get to control and reviewing. 3. Definitive and Fine Grained Access Control: RAS strategy parts exemplify the entrance control necessities of the application as explanatory approach on information for application clients, application jobs, and application benefits. With section security, RAS model stretches out approval to the segment level to ensure delicate information, for example, SSN. With help for ace detail, defined, appointment, and special case based definitive strategies, RAS meets the genuine arrangement necessities of utilizations. At that point for the issuesof execution advancement and fast table openness, there is no appropriate lists set up to improve and accelerate recoveries of questions that are taking too long to even think about executing. At last, there is an ordering framework that can be set up to help sort the out openness of records rapidly. Fundamentally there are 3 sorts of file, yet we have picked the Function record. In a capacity record you list an articulation as opposed to a segment. Eg assuming you needed to routinely recover orders that havent been dispatched, so no incentive in shipdate. An essential B-tree file couldnt be set up on the grounds that it wouldnt remember nulls for the list, so work based could be utilized: eg: Make INDEX non_shipped_index ON ordâ (NVL(shipdate, invalid)); End AND RECOMMENDATION In view of our discoveries and proposals I accept in the event that we could make acknowledge changes as quickly as time permits we can have the option to sort the insufficiency issues in our database the executives framework and furthermore to improve our administrations. 1.4 REFERENCES WHITEPAPER, O. (2015) Oracle Database 12c Security and Compliance. Accessible at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/security/security-consistence wp-12c-1896112.pdf (Accessed: 08 February 2017).

Liberia Essay -- Africa

Liberia owes its foundation to the American Colonization Society; established in 1816 to resettle liberated American slaves in Africa. An endeavor at colonization in Sierra Leone had bombed in 1815. After six years local rulers allowed a tract of land on Cape Mesurado, at the mouth of the Saint Paul River, to U.S. agents, and the first Americo-Liberians, drove by Jehudi Ashmun, started the settlement. In 1824 an American operator for the general public, Ralph Randolph Gurley, named the new province Liberia and the Cape Mesurado settlement Monrovia. Other separate settlements were built up along the coast during the following 20 years. Before long, be that as it may, clashes emerged between the pioneers and the general public in the United States. When Joseph Jenkins Roberts turned into the principal dark representative in 1841, the choice had been made to give the homesteaders practically full control of the legislature. A constitution displayed on that of the United States was drawn up, and Liberia turned into an autonomous republic in July 1847. Roberts was its first president, serving until 1856. Liberia was perceived by Britain in 1848, by France in 1852 and by the United States in 1862. The Americo-Liberian people group squeezed out an unstable presence during the nineteenth century. Claims over I nterior domain were contested not just by the indigenous Mandinka (otherwise called Mandingo or Malinke), Kru, and Gola people groups, yet additionally by European expresses that didn't perceive Liberian purview over the inside. U.S. bolster prompted a progression of concurrences with Britain and France somewhere in the range of 1892 and 1911, which denoted the current limits. (Liberian authority over the inside people groups, in any case, was not totally guaranteed until the 1940s.) Loans from Britain and the United States mostly facilitated the nation's budgetary challenges. Liberia announced war on Germany on August 14, 1917, which gave the Allies an extra bas e in West Africa during World War I (1914-1918). In 1926 the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company opened an elastic estate on 400,000 hectares (1 million sections of land) of land conceded by the Liberian government the prior year. Elastic creation turned into the pillar of the country's economy. In 1931 the League of Nations affirmed that Americo-Liberians were utilizing local Africans for constrained work, equivalent to subjection. The resulting outrage involved the most elevated government authorities; the president and bad habit presi... ...otestant. Islam has gained ground among the individuals of the inside, who have to a great extent held their animist religions. Through and through, around 70 percent of the individuals follow customary religions and 20 percent are Muslim. English is Liberia's authentic language yet is spoken by just around one-fifth of the individuals. The rest of different African dialects which chiefly have a place with the Mande, West Atlantic, or Kwa semantic gatherings. Intestinal sickness, tuberculosis, yaws, and uncleanliness is pervasive in Liberia. In 2001 normal future during childbirth was 53 years for ladies and 50 years for men; the baby death rate was 132 for every 1,000 live births. A few medical clinics are worked by the focal government, yet no national social-government assistance framework exists. The Compulsory Education Act of 1912 accommodates necessary, free training for youngsters between the ages of 6 and 16. Be that as it may, government endeavors to actualize this law are ruined by a shortage of instructive offices, and just 33 percent of elementary school-matured youngsters were accepting training in 1996. Only 71 percent of the populace were proficient in 2001. The University of Liberia, in Monrovia and a few schools give advanced education.

Summer Circus

Summer Circus I have a problem (well, likely more than one, but lets not focus on the others!). Sometimes I go through these periods where I end up doing so much cool great fantastic stuff, that it becomes tough to blog because I have no idea where to start (I know, I know. Its a tough life). Invariably, the answer has always been dive in somewhere and itll work itself out but thats a tough philosophy to motivate yourself on. As astute readers may have picked up on, this is one of those times, as my summer has been fortunate enough to so densely packed with awesome things, its been nigh un-un-packable. So heres my shot at giving you the blog equivalent of the hilights reel. To start things off, Im working in the new Media Lab building this summer, building an all-electric car designed to completely pwn all existing and soon-to-be existing electric cars as far as interurban transportation is concerned. The group is called the SmartCities group, and our car, the CityCar has received a lot of press over the years from the LabCAST podcast, a few museum exhibitions, news coverage etc. The project has been around since 2003 and the overall design has more or less been totally refined. Now its a matter of actually building and tweaking components to get everything to work like it does in the drawings. And you know, try not to make it cost a bajillion dollars. My stake in the whole thing is general mechanical design, specifically as it pertains to our adorable half-scale prototype. Right now Im working on redesigning the wrist joints that allow it to turn in place, and then well be doing a complete design overhaul to pull out together all the hacked-solutions into one more refined package. Its a great job for me, as its goal-oriented and less how many hours are you in the office based, so I can work from 0200-1600 one day, or 0900-1700 the next. So if work is so much fun, what can I possibly do when Im not working? The answer is all the stuff I wish I had time to do during the school year! (Im getting much much better at time management, but thats deserves its own entry). As of July 1st, Im currently competing in a high-stakes race through classics of literature available through the Gutenberg press with my friend Michelle. Ok maybe high-stakes is a bit of an exaggeration, but its a ton of fun, and I get to read all the books Ive always heard good things about. Our current list is: -Treasure Island -War of the Worlds -The Time Machine -Jane Eyre -The Last of the Mohicans -The Count of Monte Cristo -Phantom of the Opera -Flatland -A Tale of Two Cities -The Game -The Call of the Wild I also went on a rock climbing trip with the MIT Outdoors Club to Rumney in New Hampshire. The MIT Outdoors Club (or MITOC for short) has a ton of outdoors equipment for doing practically anything you could want to do outside. Ice-climbing, kayaking, hiking, backpacking, skiingâ€"â€"basically, if modern civilization has tried hard to eliminate your need to do it, we can fuel your regression. The club even has two surprisingly nice cabins in New Hampshire available for rental. And the prices are incredibly cheap. All the gear you could want for a weekend trip could be rented for much less than $30. The other club Im involved with is MITERS, or the MIT Electronic Research Society. The name is a bit of a misnomer since we do far more than just research electronics. When I came to MIT, I had fanciful dreams of building crazy hair-brained contraptions that were as much for entertainment as they were for practicality. MITERS is the birthplace of those inventions. My friend Charles transformed a shopping kart into a go-cart that was featured in Popular Science. Lots of MITERS alumni have gone on to do some cool things related to the advancing the DIY-hacker-culture. MAKE magazine? MITERS alums. Instructables? MITERS alums. Squid Labs? MITERS alums. Our mailing list is filled with a ton of people with a collective library of valuable experience and expertise in building anything you could imagine. Theres been microwave-transformer welders, electric rollerblades, pocket-sized braille making machines, cotton-candy guns, just to name a few. The space has tons of resources for tinkering, including oscilloscopes, lathes, drill presses, soldering irons, etc. And once you attain the illustrious rank of keyholder, you too can spend your whole weekend there! So as it turns out, MIT is not just a great place to be during the school year (gotta remind myself of that during finals week), but also a pretty great place to be during the summer. Even if it is a bit like a circus around here.

The Commercial Maritime Industry

The 12th Imam The Mahdi and Iran Today

Iran is a fervently Shiite Islamic Republic with a 98 percent Muslim population and 89 percent of those Muslims identifying as Shiite according to the CIA World Factbook. Twelver Shiism is the largest branch of Shiite Islam, with about 85 percent of Shiite adhering to the belief in the 12th Imam. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the father of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, was a Twelver. So is the current Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Now, what does this mean? They believe that a series of Imams was appointed to carry on the Prophet Muhammads message and that these Imam rank above all other prophets except for Muhammad himself. The 12th, Muhammad al-Mahdi, is believed by these Shiites to have been born in present-day Iraq in 869 and never to have died, only gone into hiding. Twelvers—not other Shiites or Sunni Muslims—believe that al-Mahdi will return as a messiah with Jesus to bring peace to the world and establish Islam as the ruling faith across the globe. The apocalyptic catch? The Mahdi is expected to appear when the world is wracked by utter chaos and war. Many Sunnis also believe that the Mahdi will come in such a judgment day scenario, but believe that he has not been born yet. The Twelver beliefs have raised concern in conjunction with Irans steeped interest in furiously pressing forward with its nuclear program, combined with threats against Israel and the West. Critics of the Islamic Republic allege that Ahmadinejad and the Supreme Leader would even go so far as to hasten a nuclear showdown and cataclysmic strike—perhaps an attack on Israel and inevitable retaliation—to hasten the arrival of the 12th Imam. Ahmadinejad has even called for the reappearance of the 12th Imam from the podium of the United Nations General Assembly. During his speeches within Iran, Ahmadinejad has said that the main mission of the Islamic Revolution is to pave the way for the reappearance of the 12th Imam. When NBC News Ann Curry interviewed Ahmadinejad in Tehran in September 2009, she asked him about the Mahdi: Curry: In your speeches, you pray for God to hasten the arrival of the hidden Imam, the Muslim messiah. Would you tell us, as I know you will speak about this at the general assembly, as well: What is your relationship with the hidden Imam, and how soon do you think before the second coming? Ahmadinejad: Yes, that’s true. I prayed for the arrival of the 12th Imam. The owner of the age, as we call him. Because the owner of the age is the symbol of the—justice and brotherly love prevailing around the world. When the Imam arrives, all of these problems will be resolved. And a prayer for the owner of the age is nothing but a wish for justice and brotherly love to prevail around the world. And it’s an obligation a person takes upon himself to always think about brotherly love. And also to treat others as equals. All people can establish such a connection with the Imam of the age. It’s roughly the same as the relationship which exists between Christians and the Christ. They speak with Jesus Christ and they are sure that Christ hears them and responds. Therefore, this is not limited to us only. Any person can talk with the Imam. Curry: You’ve said that you believe that his arrival, the apocalypse, would happen in your own lifetime. What do you believe that you should do to hasten his arrival? Ahmadinejad: I have never said such a thing. Curry: Ah, forgive me. Ahmadinejad: I—I—I was talking about peace. Curry: Forgive me. Ahmadinejad: What is being said about an apocalyptic war and—global war, things of that nature. This is what the Zionists are claiming. Imam†¦will come with logic, with culture, with science. He will come so that there is no more war. No more enmity, hatred. No more conflict. He will call on everyone to enter a brotherly love. Of course, he will return with Jesus Christ. The two will come back together. And working together, they would fill this world with love. The stories that have been disseminated around the world about extensive war, apocalyptic wars, so on and so forth—these are false.

My life after five years from now Free Essays

I am an adolescent who have just completed high school and has started attending college. My academic progress is satisfactory and I am getting good grades. By nature I may be considered a shallow person who takes things rather lightly. We will write a custom essay sample on My life after five years from now or any similar topic only for you Order Now I don’t go much deeper into any problem to really comprehend it. Although, I am gregarious and fun loving, basically I am an introvert and I keep my personal life sheltered as I don’t take people into confidence easily. I have a weak personality and lack self confidence. To camouflage this, I always try to be over friendly and talkative with my friends. But deep down, I don’t trust my friends and never share my innermost thoughts with them. If things don’t work out according to my expectations, I become a recluse, and refuse to discuss it with anyone. My outlook is conservative and can not accept any open show of affection easily. Fear of the unknown, fear of failure has totally blinded my vision and obstructed my rational thinking capacity. Although I am well aware of my drawbacks, I am unable to change for the better. Currently my vision about life is blurred by my short sightedness and lack of wisdom and experience. I would like to change these negative attributes and enhance my personality. The vision of my life five years from now is a complete transformation of my personality. I’ll accept my friends as they are and respect them as an individual. I’ll take some of my friends into confidence and share my problems and successes with them. I’ll always listen to their point of view before taking any difficult decision. I’ll shed my pessimistic and gloomy attitude and encounter any problem with a positive mind. I’ll acknowledge my fear, will analyse it and make a conscious effort to eliminate it from my system, in a slow but determined way. This negative personality trait affected me greatly and prevented me from taking right kind of decisions at the right moment. I’ll overcome fear with double determination and become a person with an independent personality, who can take right kind of decision at the right moment, and can dream, believe and act towards realising his cherished goal. Career-wise I have not thought of any particular profession which I would like to pursue within the course of next five years. While I’ll concentrate on my studies to ensure good grades, on spare times I would do odd jobs to earn some extra money. Since travelling excites me a lot, I would take up part time job in travel agencies such as tourist guide or interpreter which will take me to exotic tourist places. While accompanying the tourists, I’ll visit beautiful islands, see exotic landscapes of steep mountains, and lush green vegetations. Sometimes I’ll lie down in solitude on a sandy beach, and gaze at the blue azure sky. Associating with nature will give me a clear perspective on life and what it holds. I’ll shed my superficial self and emerge a more genuine person who will appreciate anything from beauty of nature to the beauty of a girl from aesthetic sense. This will help me to get into a permanent relationship, which till now is eluding me. I want to confidently go in the direction of my goal of transforming my personality within five years from now. Only time will tell how far I’ll be successful in changing my negative personality traits and become a person who is honest with himself and with others and have emotional strength, integrity of character, clarity of mind and confidence in others. If I fit the personality mentioned above within five years from now, my goal of personal transition will become a reality. Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   How to cite My life after five years from now, Essay examples

Visual Impairment Essay Example For Students

Visual Impairment Essay Vision ImpairmentsPeople catergorized as visually impaired range from individuals with mild visual losses to those with low vision to those who are totally blind (Winzer,370). Vision impairments does not necessarily mean a total loss of sight. Some visually impaired person can detect light, others can see shapes and forms, and others can see nothing at all. Generally, many different problems that interfere the retina to form image or the transmission of retinal images to the brain can cause blindness or vision impairment. It can be heredity or caused by disease or damage after birth. In some cases a specific reason cannot be determined. There are four major types of vision impairments. The first type are refractive errors. It is cause by the change of shape or size of the eyeball, conera or the lens. Myopia (short-sighted) and hyperopia (long-sighted) are two common examples. People with myopia or hyperopia cannot focus image accurately on the retina. Another example is astigmatism, it is caused by the abnormal curve shape of the cornera or the lens. And it can cause distorted or blurred vision. The second type are ocular motor problems. It is caused by irregular movement of the ocular muscles that control the movement of the eyeballs. It leads to the inability for the eyes to control focusing objects. Strasbismus is an example. This condition effects about 2 percent (2 out of 100) of all young children. Strabismus is a lack of coordinated muscle movement or focusing ability between the eyes, causing the eyes to point in different directions. One or both eyes may turn inward (crossed eyes) or outward (walleye). The eyes, the brain area that controls vision, and the muscles attached to the eyeball are involved. It result in the child that looks in certain directions, double vision (sometimes), vision in one eye only, with loss of depth perception. Strabismus can affect both sexes, all ages, but it usually begins during early childhood, frequently before age 5. If not corrected through therapy or surgery, crossed eyes can result in permanent loss of vision. The third type are eye diseases, it is caused by damage or disease before or after birth to one or more structure of the eye (Winzer, 374). One off the most common causes of blindness is cataracts. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye that keeps light from reaching retina. Resulting in badly blurred vision, double vision, sensitivity to bright lights and change in color vision. One eye is often more seriously affected than the other. It may be cause by chemical change in the lens. The exact cause is still unknown, but there are many factors that can accelerate cataract formation.These include an injury, either from a blow to the head or direct eye injury, other diseases exposure to radiation of any kind (x-rays, microwaves, or infrared rays) long-term use of a corticosteroid drug. A child may be born with cataracts or develop them at an early age. These cataracts, called congenital cataracts, may be caused by a genetic disorder such as down syndrome or from a condition the mother had during pregnancy such as German measles. The fourth type are other defects such as color blindness, photophobia or albinism. Color blindness is a inherited vision disorder which is often found in male rather than in female. Persons who have color blindness do not have one of the three cone cells which are responsible for receiving either blue, green and red. Therefore, people with color blindness are likely to confuse with red and green. But the condition is not serious enough to connect with visual impairments. Albinism is a hereditary disease. It must be pass thorugh from both parents, each of whom either has albinism or is a carrier of that trait. Albinism affects the production of melanin(Winzer,379). A lack of melanin in the retina, iris and choroid will cause the pupil to become in deep red color, the iris will become in grey, light blue or pink. A person with albinism will also suffer from photophobia, which is the extreme sensitivity to light. Bright light may decreases the persons visual acuity and may blinds the p ersons with albinism.

South Africa Essays (926 words) - South Africa, Africa, Xhosa People

South Africa South Africa is a place of hurt, heart, and change. Over the years, South Africa has either been through rough times in the traditional tribal part, or being descriminated because of their color of skin. South Africa has two major tribal groups; The Nguni/South Ndebele, and the khoi/San. The South Ndebele, together with the Zulu, Xhosa and Swazi, belong to the South Nguni ethnic group. In the case of the South African Ndebele group, the area is the Southern part of South Africa. Here, they have lived, worked on farms, and hunted for generations. They are a very communal tribe. They work together, share together, help each other out, and hunt with each other. This group is very dependent on all of their family. On the other hand the Khoi/San group is the complete opposite of the Nguni/South Ndebele. They live in the Kalahari Desert, they are Nomadic, and rely on livestalk to live. They might be more Independent then the Nguni, but they still get alittle help from their families too. Like they go hunting together. Unlike the Nguni the Khoi/San use poisoned arrows to kill their livestalk.Little did these groups know what they were going to be going through the next 300 years; colonialism. In 1652 South Africa was forever changed when Dutch established a rest stop in South Africa.Apartheid also unofficially started. At that time, the area was occupied by the Khoi/San clans. The pressure on the Khoi/San increased as more Dutch and French settlers arrived. By the 18th century, most Khoi/San had lost their land to these European settlers. Cape Town became a major port as a way station for the Europeans. The colonists were mostly farmers and cattle herders. They became known as the Boers. They developed their own culture and language (Afrikaans). In the 1770's, the Boers encountered the Bantu, who were migrating. The Nguni Bantu clans settled between the Drakensberg Mountains and the sea. The Sotho clans settled in the interior, north of the Cape Colony. The 19th century competition for land led to the conflict between the Bantu clans, which led to the boer war, 1899-1902. Hundreds and thousands died during the wars, entire clans disappeared and it resulted in the creation of many Bantu nations. Now they are unable to communicate with each other, and now they don't have any power to stop the Europeans. British forces twice occupied the Cape region, in 1795 and 1806. In 1814, toward the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain purchased the Cape Colony from the Dutch for 6 million Britidh pounds. After 1820 thousands of British colonists arrived in South Africa, and they demanded that English law be imposed. English became the official language in 1822. The Khoi/San were given protection, and slavery was abolished in 1833. When the Dutch, or the Afrikanns found out that slavery was ebolished they got angry, because they thoght that the Bilble said that black people were supposed to be slaves, which then created the Boer war. It is now 1948, the Europeans have now taken over South Africa. Four Years earlier a man named Nelson Mandela became a lawyer, and joined the A.N.C. so he could help the salvaging African people. Even though he played a very important roll in Apartheid, colonialism, and their human rights, that still didn't stop the Europeans from torturing them for the next 46 years. Nelson Mandela was a nice man, but in 1956 Mandela went on trial for treason, but was acquitted in 1961. During this time he married Nkosikazi Nomzamo Madikizela. He was again arrested in August of 1962, he was sentenced to five years in prison. While in prison, Mandela, along with several others, was convicted of sabotage and treason and in June 1964 was sentenced to life imprisonment. During this period Mandela became a worldwide symbol of resistance to white domination in South Africa. In prison he acted nice to everybody. When an Officer told him to do something, he politely answered Yes sir, but he did this for a reason. He did that so the officers could feal the guilt for what they have been doing to all the black people. The goverment soon got pressured by the people to let

Trials and Verdicts

Trials and Verdicts The important result of the legal decision-making process is the verdict which can end the trial process and state the form of punishment for the convicted person.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Trials and Verdicts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, to understand the details related to interpreting the cases and law and to stating the verdict, it is necessary to analyze the processes related to different courts according to their jurisdiction, and to focus on the real-life examples in order to discuss the problems of accepting a plea bargain and of being wrongly accused. The question of the court’s jurisdiction is discussed when it is necessary to select which court can decide on the certain case appropriately. Following the Felkner v. Jackson case, it is possible to state that different courts are effective to discuss concrete issues and decide on the aspects of the case, but the process of t he case resolution can be rather long and complicated. In 2011, Steven Frank Jackson was convicted of many sexual offenses. However, Jackson referred to the Batson v. Kentucky case, and focused on the issue of racism in relation to the California jury who discussed the case. Jackson’s petition was accepted and examined by the California Court of Appeal, and then the California Supreme Court decided according to the court’s jurisdiction to reject the necessity of the case’s review (Felkner v. Jackson, 2011). Nevertheless, the case was not unresolved even in relation to the Federal District Court. In this situation, the Supreme Court took the jurisdiction to provide the decision, and the previous courts’ decisions were defined as unreasonable. Finally, it is stated by the Supreme Court of the United States that the petition â€Å"for certiorari and the motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis are granted. The judgment of the Court of Appeals for the N inth Circuit is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion† (Felkner v. Jackson, 2011). As a result, it is possible to note that the decision to discuss the case in the Supreme Court of the United States is appropriate because of the necessity to resolve all the controversial points of the case which cannot be resolved in the other courts.Advertising Looking for research paper on constitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cases when the defendant accepts a plea bargain as an alternative to trial are also very controversial and complicated because this decision can be associated with a kind of pressure from attorneys and prosecutors. Furthermore, the defendant can change his or her decision during the process. Thus, to discuss the question in detail, it is necessary to focus on the Freeman v. United States case (2011). William Freeman was convicted of dif ferent crimes associated with drug trafficking and drug delivery. However, Freeman decided to develop the plea agreement under Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(c)(1)(C). The agreement meant that Freeman could plead guilty depending on receiving a specific sentence. The case was rather complicated, and it was decided in 2011 that referring to 18 U.S.C.  § 3582(c)(2), the sentence could be reduced â€Å"for the offense to which the defendant pled guilty† (Freeman v. United States, 2011). In spite of the fact that the plea agreement does not mean the alternative to the trial, the case is important to be discussed to decide whether or not justice was served. Referring to this concrete case, it is possible to state that the justice was served because the severity of crimes should be taken into account every time when the possibility of the plea agreement is discussed. The most problematic cases are those ones in which defendants are wrongly accused and later vindicated. One of the most famou s cases is the case associated with the famous sportsman Brian Banks who was convicted of raping Wanetta Gibson. Brian Banks accepted a plea bargain because of the threat to be imprisoned for more than 40 years. However, in 2011, it became possible to state that Banks was not guilty, and he was vindicated. The most important aspect to be discussed in relation to the case is the fact that Wanetta Gibson lied during the first trial process in order to receive the significant financial compensation (Powers, 2012). The decision of the court could be different, but the lawyers failed to prove or not Gibson’s words. That is why, these details affected the whole trail process, and Brian Banks had to accept the plea agreement in order to avoid being imprisoned for a long period of time.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Trials and Verdicts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In spite of the fact, the United State s’ legislative system should contribute to the people’s welfare and protection, there are many controversial verdicts and trials which can influence the statement of the principles of justice in the country. From this point, it is necessary to pay much attention to the controversial aspects and issues discussed during the trial processes in order to resolve cases in the appropriate courts with the focus on their jurisdiction and to avoid the ineffective decisions which can lead to the unalterable consequences. As a result, all the details of the case should be taken into consideration to decide on the person’s guilt and possible verdict. References Felkner v. Jackson. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/10-797.pdf Freeman v. United States. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/09-10245.pdf Powers, A. (2012). A 10-year nightmare over rape conviction is over. Retrieved from https://www.latimes.com/local/l a-xpm-2012-may-25-la-me-rape-dismiss-20120525-story.html

Hospitality Operations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Hospitality Operations - Coursework Example Banking on business development also aims at maximizing the quality of services provided to clients. The hospitality industry experiences seasonal fluctuation in client turnout. Products in the industry also tend to be based on determinants that dictate the supply and demand trends in the sector. Tourists, for instance, may visit a region during a given period or depending on climatic conditions. The sales of various products may as well be high during a given event or occasion. This is inclusive of income from a number of tourist attractions that may have peak and off-peak periods. Tourists may visit a park to observe a given behavior of wildlife, e.g., migration, which they portray during a given season. The seasonality in pricing is also prominent in the hospitality industry with variations in demand (Laws, 2005, p. 117). Unlike other industries, customers in the hospitality industry do not acquire physical ownership of the products offered. Being a service industry, customers own the experience that they achieve from the services offered. They do not, notably, own the services offered. Provision of quality service is vital to ensure customers get the best experience. This helps maintain customer loyalty and aids organizations to maintain competitiveness in the industry. Services offered in the tourism industry are nearly perishable and challenging for the time limit available during service provision. This also creates a challenge in achieving harmony between demand and supply constraints. Achieving valuable management of yields is vital in achieving the best performance in the hospitality industry. Setting up complementary services and strategies to boost income during nonpeak demand is essential, as well. Need to Ensure Conformity to Local Needs A strategy by hospitality business to expand operations may meet a number of challenges. Expansion strategies

Hobbes' Leviathan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hobbes' Leviathan - Essay Example The problem, as he sees it, is that there is no overarching 'figure', a being or entity or idea with power to instill awe, to occasion obedience to a greater good beyond the three causes of perpetual war, which he sees as competition, diffidence [fear of attack], and glory [or vanity] [ch13, p2]. Consequently, the lives of people in such a state are famously described as 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short' [ch13, p3]. Hobbes appears to have been influenced in this negative characterization by the civil war raging in England at the time of his writing. He acknowledges that such a state may never have existed 'generally', but that it exists in places where the power to instill awe is absent: Howsoever, it may be perceived what manner of life there would be, where there were no common power to fear, by the manner of life which men that have formerly lived under a peaceful government use to degenerate into a civil war. (ch 13, p4]. More notably, he argues that this state of perpetual conflict exists in societies, such as the native societies of America, where, according to his somewhat distant reading, there are no powers to instill awe and obedience. Hobbes believes that humanity emerges out of this peculiarly solitary, untrusting state - in which justice, being a socially developed concept, does not yet exist (ch13, p4] - through a combination of reason and the passions. Hobbes asserts [somewhat contradictorily] that man's nature, besides being a cause of perpetual conflict with his neighbors, also inclines him to peace: The passions that incline men to peace are: fear of death; desire of such things as are necessary to commodious living; and a hope by their industry to obtain them. And reason suggesteth convenient articles of peace upon which men may be drawn to agreement [ch13, p4]. The 'articles of peace' here mentioned are further developed, in chapters 14 and 15, into nine 'laws of nature'. Of these, Hobbes places the one he considers most important at the head. This law states that 'man ought to endeavour peace' [ch14, p1], as far as he is able to achieve it - and failing this, should seek all the advantages of war. Man's natural diffidence, or fear of attack, as mentioned earlier, would best be assuaged by the creation of a peaceful estate, but if this cannot be created, then a preparedness for war, based on the idea that attack is the best method of defense, is the next best option. Hobbes' second law of nature is central to his idea of man moving out of the state of nature into civil society, in that it involves a willingness to restrict individual liberty. He states it thus: That a man be willing, when others are so too, as far forth, as for peace, and defence of himself he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things, and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himself [ch14, p2]. With Hobbes' third law comes the important idea of the covenant - what we nowadays translate as 'ontract'. 'Men perform their covenants made', he writes [ch15, p1]. I take

Anti-tuberculosis Drug-induced Liver Injury (ATLI) Effects

Anti-tuberculosis Drug-induced Liver Injury (ATLI) Effects Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is world’s deadliest communicable disease, with 9 million incident cases and 1.5 million deaths globally in 2013. Most of the cases of TB were reported from Asian (56%), and African (29%) continents. In Saudi Arabia the annual incidence rate of TB ranged between 14 and 17/100,000. Two provinces, Makkah and Jazan showed the highest incidence around 20/100,000 over the last one decade. Jazan region showed more than double the incidence rate of TB compared to rest of the Southern province. Jazan share border with Yemen, and receives many illegal immigrants. Studies showed that non-Saudi Arabians had 2-3 times higher incidence of TB than Saudi national. The large number of Non-Saudis came from countries with high incidence of TB such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Yemen, Ethiopia, Somalia, Chad, Nigeria and other African countries. The active TB patients can be treated safely and effectively through the directly-observed therapy strategy (DOTS). DOTS is a short course of standard anti-TB treatment which consist of taking drug combinations of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol and Streptomycin for 6–9 months. The drug isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide have the potential to induce liver damage.This anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) ranges from mild to severe forms, and can even be fatal. The incidence of ATLI during standard anti-TB treatment range from 2.0% to 28.0% according to different populations. Moreover, ATLI reduce the efficacy of anti-TB treatment, as they may cause treatment failure, relapse and drug-resistance which could significantly reduce the effects of TB control. To the best of our knowledge, there is no known published data on the incidence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) and risk factors from Saudi population. Identification of patients at increased risk for ATLI is important because hepatotoxicity causes significant morbidity and mort ality and may require modification of the therapeutic regimen. The aim of this study will to estimate the incidence of ATLI and the risk factors associated with anti-TB treatment. The findings of this study will allow us to enhance TB treatment, monitoring and control of the TB in KSA. Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is world’s deadliest communicable disease, with 9 million incident cases and 1.5 million deaths globally in 2013 [1]. Most of the cases of TB were reported from Asian (56%), and African (29%) continents [1]. In Saudi Arabia the annual incidence rate of TB ranged between 14 and 17/100,000 [2]. Two provinces, Makkah and Jazan showed the highest incidence around 20/100,000 over the last one decade [2]. Jazan region showed more than double the incidence rate of TB compared to rest of the Southern province. Jazan share border with Yemen, and receives many illegal immigrants. Studies showed that non-Saudi Arabians had 2-3 times higher incidence of TB than Saudi national. [3]. The large number of Non-Saudis came from countries with high incidence of TB such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Yemen, Ethiopia, Somalia, Chad, Nigeria and other African countries. Patients with active TB disease can be treated safely and effectively through the directly-observed therapy strategy (DOTS) which started in 2000. DOTS is a short course of standard anti-TB treatment which consist of taking drug combinations of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol and Streptomycin for 6–9 months [4]. These drugs effectively kills the bacteria but it induced hepatotoxicity known as anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) [5.tostmann 2008]. The ATLI ranges from mild to severe forms, and can even be fatal. The incidence of ATLI during standard anti-TB treatment range from 2.0% to 28.0% according to different populations. [5,6]. The incidence is higher in the developing countries (8% to 39%), compared to developed countries (3%–4%) (7-11). Moreover, ATLI reduce the efficacy of anti-TB treatment, as they may cause treatment failure, relapse and drug-resistance which could significantly reduce the effects of TB control. [5,6]. Many risk factors have been implicated for ATLI. These include older age, female gender, poor nutritional status, pre-existing liver disease, high alcohol intake, hepatitis B, malnutrition, hypoalbuminaemia and advanced TB (12-16). Inappropriate use of drugs, acetylator status, and recently, immunogenetic factor, have also been implicated (17,18). Infections with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have also been said to increase the risk (19). It is very important to understand the risk factors of ATLI, in order to detect the adverse events earlier and deliver timely intervention. The identification of high-risk patients would be useful to allow early detection of hepatotoxicity and reduce the morbidity and mortality of this condition. Hence we plan this study to identify the risk factors associated with anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury in patients who receive anti-TB treatment. To the best of our knowledge, there is no known published data on the incidence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) and risk factors from Saudi population. The aim of this study will to estimate the incidence of ATLI and the risk factors associated with anti-TB treatment. The findings of this study will allow us to enhance TB treatment, monitoring and control of the TB in KSA. 2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury (ATLI) in patient receiving anti-TB treatment in Jazan population. 1. To estimate the incidence of abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in patient receiving anti-TB treatment. 2. To identify the risk factors associated with anti-tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury (ATLI) in patient receiving anti-TB treatment. Review of Literature Incidence The first line drugs used to treat TB were isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZY) and ethambutol (EMB). Most of the TB patients tolerate the drugs but some develop hepatotoxicity known as anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI). [Forget 2006].The ATLI ranges from mild to severe forms, and can even be fatal. Data from the literature shows that the incidence of ATLI is 3.0% in Canada (Asia population accounted for 42%)[Yee 2003], China 2.5% [Shang 2011], 5.0% in Hong Kong[ Chang 2008], 5.3% in Singapore[teleman 2002], 16.1% in Taiwan [Huang 2003], 9.7% in Malaysia [Marzuki 2008],36% in Japan [Ellard 1978], 8-36 per cent in India [Parthasarthy 1986, Mehta 1990], 13% Iran [Baghaei]. The risk of developing ATLI was fivefold for hepatitis C patients, fourfold for HIV positive patients, and 14 fold for patients co-infected with hepatitis C and HIV [Ungo 1998]. The incidence is higher in the developing countries (8% to 39%), compared to developed countries (3%–4%) (7-11). Moreover, ATLI reduce the efficacy of anti-TB treatment, as they may cause treatment failure, relapse and drug-resistance which could significantly reduce the effects of TB control. [5,6]. Definition of ATLI The criteria for the diagnosis of ATLI in the absence of symptoms is elevation of transaminases up to 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) and in the presence of symptoms up to three times the ULN or twice the ULN of bilirubin in the blood [Saukkonen 2006]. Mechanism of toxicity Among Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, the first three drugs have the potential for hepatotoxicity with pyrazinamide (PZA) being the most hepatotoxic followed by isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin.[Yee]Rifampicin combined with PZA is more hepatotoxic than with INH.[ Jasmer 2002]Pyrazinamide contributes significantly to acute liver failure [ Durand 1995].The most important adverse effects of isoniazid are hepatic toxicity and potentially fatal drug-induced hepatitis[Nolan 1999], especially when associated with rifampicin. The frequency of occurrence of isoniazid-associated hepatitis depends on age. Other factors linked to a predisposition to isoniazid-associated hepatotoxicity include alcohol abuse, use of illegal drugs and a previous history of liver disease. Clinical features ATLI usually take place in the first 2 months of treatment but it may happen at any time during the treatment period. Clinical and biochemical features of ATLI are difficult to differentiate form viral hepatitis [Mitchell 1976]. The signs and symptoms of ATLI are jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and Weakness. Risk factors for ATLI Many risk factors have been implicated for ATLI. These include older age, female gender, poor nutritional status, pre-existing liver disease, high alcohol intake, hepatitis B, malnutrition, hypoalbuminaemia and advanced TB (12-16). Inappropriate use of drugs, acetylator status, and recently, immunogenetic factor, have also been implicated (17,18). Infections with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have also been said to increase the risk (19).

Diet Aids and FDA Approval

The diet industry is huge, a multimillion dollar industry. The introduction to products that help individuals lose weight will always be popular and interest never wanes because of the frequency in which new products arise from the market. Now comes the big question, just how important is it for diet aids to have Food & Drug Agency (FDA) claims? Most health supplements, vitamin supplements, and diet aids do not have FDA approved on them. But does this really matter? In some cases, yes and in others no. The FDA is an organization that is part of the US department of Health and Human Services.The center for drug evaluation and research (CDER) makes sure that all prescription and over the counter drugs are safe for consumers, including diet supplements. Most diet aides are released without being regulated from the FDA but every now and then one is, the most recent being ephedra, and its ban. It is important to remember two things when reading claims whether they are for health benefits or for dangerous side effects. The first is that if there is a warning on the label it is unknown whether 50% of all those that used the product or if on 0.1% had side effects. Companies must put the side effect warning on the label if only one person in the study had side effects. This is mainly for insurance, if you take the diet aid and experiences side effects out of thousands of individuals that don’t then you can’t sue the company; the warning was on the label. Secondly just because there are health benefit claims on the label doesn’t actually mean that they will happen to the individual taking the product. It simple means that it may happen not that it definitely will.However having FDA approval is always a good thing. Unlike a company the FDA will conduct research or contract researchers to conduct a thorough and correctly structured clinical study. Any results will show good conclusions that can be trusted. The FDA is looking out for the consumer, not t he companies whose bottom line is to make as much product as possible. Here is an outline of the regulation of diet aids with ephedra. Ephedra was a popular weight loss product, particularly when paired with caffeine and aspirin.However the use of ephedra was linked to heart problems and over 155 deaths. Like many diet aids it increases your metabolism by increasing your heart rate, which causes many problems. The FDA could not actually ban ephedra but it sent out a ruling that the FDA does not support and products containing ephedra as it had unreasonable risks of illness or death associated with it. The FDA collected information about ephedra from independent experts and studies on both the benefits and dangers of ephedra.However it should be noted that Chinese herbal medicines and teas that contain ephedra are not regulated under this ruling. (Nelson, 135). Now it is very likely that a vast majority of individuals using ephedra did not experience any side effects or heart problem s at all. However there was enough of the population that did, and most importantly quite a few deaths were found to be directly linked to ephedra in diet supplements that the FDA felt there was a significant cause for concern.Due to it’s ruling many states in the US banned the selling of ephedra products causing many companies to reformulate their diet products. Also if you look at the history of the FDA and its rulings you will find a very tangled web. The FDA during the 1940s and 50s in diet aids approved amphetamines and amphetamine like products. Since then the FDA has been trying to define the parameters in which these products can be safely taken (Colman, 380-385). The FDA has been found to change its mind over time, particularly as science is improving and research tools are becoming available.Now I should let you know that a product containing ephedra is still all-natural because ephedra comes from the Ma Huang plants. Incidentally most health supplements and diet ai ds all come from plants, so they are â€Å"all natural†. Just because it is labeled all natural doesn’t mean it isn’t dangerous. Almost anything at the wrong level will kill you. It is simply the products that are dangerous at small amounts that cause the most concern. Eating carrots can cause blindness and eventually death, but you have to eat a lot of carrots for a long time.Many of the substances found in diet aids are at concentration higher than they would be found in nature and this is what can make them harmful. Now comes the consumer, just who should they believe. You are standing in a store reading a label that lists some pretty fantastic benefits, but it is not FDA approved (Allen). Many products are being marketed as helping you lose weight, improve your life span or have anti-aging properties. Without the correct clinical trials, which can take years, it is unknown if the benefits outweigh the risks.As previously stated Ephedra was first approved and then found to be dangerous as was another product called Fen-phen. (Keim). There are many health claims available to help your memory, expand your age, make your heart healthier etc. You can achieve this by taking ginkgo boloba, cinnamon extract, grapefruit extract, acai juice, resveratrol etc. There are other diet aids that act as appetite suppressants or are thermogentic (raise your metabolism), fat blockers, and meal replacement.The real danger is not using the diet aids in a correct manner as there are significant risks of developing eating disorders when using dieting aid (Celio, 492-497). This takes away from the benefits you will have by losing weight because you will be lighter but you won’t be healthy. It is amusing to actually read the directions on diet aids. The majority of the time the directions give dosage information and then state that it is only effective eating a healthy diet and exercise. Now most medicinal practitioners and athletes can get an individual to lose weight by eating sensible and exercising.The diet aid may actually work not because of the diet aid but because you are eating a healthy diet and exercising. There is a large psychological part to dieting that many people do not understand. On a personal note I would feel much more secure and confident using a diet aid that was approved by the FDA but that does not mean that I would rule out using other products. I would first research and collect some information about products. I would stear clear of any product that says has side effects relating to heart problems or internal organ failure.If the side effects are not minor and research shows that cultures have been using it successfully for years then I probably would try it. It is important to pay attention to detail such as concentration in the diet aid as well as follow the directions and pay attention to what is going on in your body. If I had any concerns I would see about speaking to a nutritionist or doctor about any risks. It is fine to use diet aids but don’t just pick one on a whim. You do need to be careful and determine what the risks are and if you think the benefits are greater than the risks.

Civil War (Ken Burns Review) Essay

Episode V ,†The Universe of Battle†, of The Civil War series directed by Ken Burns reflects on how the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 was a major turning point in the Civil War. He details how the Union defeat at Gettysburg, the work of women, and the entry of black men into the Union army enabled the North to significantly weaken the Confederacy. The Union and Confederacy both suffered thousands of casualties in the bloody battles that took place. However, by the end of 1863, the North was led to a â€Å"new birth of freedom† while the South had to come to the realization that the â€Å"bottom rail was on top†, now. Burns begins the episode with the first of three battles that took place in the rural town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on July 1, 1863. The Union was led by Commander Meade who served under General Grant and the Confederacy by General Lee. Due to Lee’s commanders not delivering tactical support on the first day of battle, the North was able to hold their high ground, but did this not compare to what was going to happen in the following two days. The second day of battle the number of soldiers present in Gettysburg grew substantially, on both sides. A significant part of this battle is when the Union stopped the Confederacy form gaining position of Little Round Top. This was long day of battle, whole regiments in the Confederacy were lost this day. By third day of battle Lee was acting as if he was invincible and this was detrimental for his men. Union soldiers slaughtered the Confederacy and they never entered that far into Union territory again. Lee had failed his men and he knew it. This must have been very hard on Lee. It was shocking to hear that he tried to resign after he lost this battle. I thought it was very interesting that the Confederacy’s need for shoes is was what led them in to Gettysburg. I bet they never thought that the result of this stop would end up in 150,000 men fighting 51,000 men dying in the greatest battle ever fought in the northern hemisphere. The actual pictures, paintings, and simulated video used while describing these battles were really good and the helped me to gain a sense of what it was like to be there. I also enjoyed the irony in the fact that the North entered Gettysburg from the south and the South entered from the north. It was also interesting that the troops fighting over the Little Round Top were both from equal distances from Gettysburg in the opposite directions. Next, the importance of women supporting the war was examined. Women not only held down the farms and houses when the men were off at war, but many women also left their homes to care for the soldiers. In the north women started the Sanitary Commission and demanded better treatment and better food for the soldiers. This commission was made up of hundreds and thousands of women. In the south Sally Tompkins and a staff of six, nursed 1,333 wounded men. Unlike the North, the South did not have a Sanitary Commission and most men were treated in houses. In the north, Mary Ann Bickerdyke was a important female figure in the war. She traveled with the Union army for four years and sixteen battles. General Sherman stated, â€Å"She ranks me†. This statement by Sherman was extraordinary, especially for this era. It makes me happy that she received the credit that was due to her. Many women served as nurses, food gathers, and cooks, but I am exceptionally impressed with Mary Ann Bickerdyke’s story. I imagine she gave up a lot and the fact that she stayed strong during all of the gruesome battles she saw really says a lot about her character. Following the role of women in the Civil War, Burns details the forty-eight day siege of Vicksburg. During this battle the residents of Vicksburg were cut off from the world and were in desperate need of supplies. When Union had control over the well being of the Vicksburg residents, 31,000 Confederate soldiers under the command of General John C. Pemberton withdrew due to the concern of the health of the Vicksburg residents. The Union victory of this battle was significant because the Confederacy was now cut in two. I was surprised that Pemberton was a northern man fighting for the Confederacy. I would expect that soldiers would support their states. I also found it very interesting that after this siege, the fourth of July would not be celebrated in Vicksburg for eighty-one years. That is just crazy to me! Burns goes on to examine the first black regiment and the first federal draft call. In New York, a mostly Irish mob held an uprising over the draft. They were opposed to abolition because they feared blacks taking their jobs. It also made them angry that the draft favored the rich in that they could easily hire substitutes to take their place. Meanwhile, the uprising in New York was ended and the enlistment of the first blacks into the Union army had begun, this was a huge blow to the Confederacy. However, the blacks did not receive fair treatment, but they were key to the war. I am not surprised that black soldiers would fight without pay, but it was surprising that they declined it because it was not equal to the pay of the white soldiers. I like the pictures of the black soldiers. You could see by their facial expressions that their pride was different from that of the white men. In some of their pictures some of them were actually smiling unlike the pictures of white soldiers I have seen. I think it because they were truly happy to be fighting for their cause. Frederick Douglass put it best when he stated that blacks were, â€Å"the pivot upon which the whole rebellion turns, this war, disguise it as they may, is virtually nothing more or less then perpetual slavery against universal freedom and to this end the free states will have to come.† The 650 men of the all black 54th Massachusetts regiment proved to the Union that blacks were useful soldiers during the battle at Battery Wagner in South Carolina. Even though the Confederates were ahead in this battle, the battle ultimately ended in a protracted siege that was enabled by the 54th. It was because of their battle other black regiments were deemed worthy to fight. Finally, the episode ends with Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. On November 19, 1863 Lincoln delivered one of the most memorable speeches in American history. Lincoln declared the love he had for his people and his unwavering pursuit for equality in just 269 words. I never realized that this speech was just a â€Å"side speech† at a dedication ceremony. It is almost unbelievable that Lincoln thought that this was a failed speech considering that even today most Americans know at least the first line of the Gettysburg Address. It is a shame that the photographer was not able to capture him delivering his speech, it would have been a great image to reflect upon today.

Life in the 1940s - 912 Words

1940’s When you think of the 1940’s, what comes to your mind? Maybe an image of a time where everything was boring and nothing interesting was happening. However, this is not the case. It was a time where people were on the move for a World War, and inventions were being made daily. The 40’s were a time when the United States was becoming a leader in new technologies to simplify the country’s way of life and to protect its citizens from other countries as well as the people who might think that they are better than you just because they are white. People in the United States were starting to invent gadgets to make life easier. In 1945, one of the main inventions was a computer named ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer). This was a huge step for the United States, and it allowed new technology to be made that could not be before. The ENIAC was a giant computer that stood two stories tall and weighed thirty tons. This super computer was a sec ret military project during World War II that was carried out by Jon Mauchly and John Presper Eckert Junior. ENIAC was invented to speed up the mathematical calculations that were needed to make ballistic firing tables for the Army and to design atomic weaponry. This super computer could add 5,000 numbers in one second. This might not seem like very fast compared to today’s technology, but this was a 1,000 times faster than any machine at this time. I explained what was to be done and pushed the button for it to beShow MoreRelatedEssay on Book Review: Daily Life in the United States, 1920-19401194 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review: Daily Life in the United States, 1920-1940 The way Americans lived their lives was drastically changed between the years of 1920 and 1940. Many different events and advances in technology happened within the country during this time period. 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Semple† In the early 1940s an African American writer by the name of Langston Hughes, who flourished during the Harlem Renaissance in New York, had established a character in his short story writings named Jesse B. Semple. Through these short stories he used this character to represent the black man of his times. However the question remains, is Jesse B. Semple an accurate representation of the black man of 1940s? This question can best be answered by looking at theRead MoreLangston Hughes and Jesse B. Simple1109 Words   |  5 PagesLansgton Hughes and Jesse B. Semple In the early 1940s an African American writer by the name of Langston Hughes, who flourished during the Harlem Renaissance in New York, had established a character in his short story writings named Jesse B. Semple. Through these short stories he used this character to represent the black man of his times. However the question remains, is Jesse B. Semple an accurate representation of the black man of 1940s? This question can best be answered by looking at theRead MoreA Study On Weighted Investment Vintages1394 Words   |  6 Pagesperiod t K _i,t is written: K _i,t = I _i,1935 + ∑_t=1935 ^t=1940 ââ€"’ã€â€"(1- ÃŽ ´ _i ) K _i,t-1 ã€â€" The benchmark year used is 1935 and calculated using weights from their 1935 historical cost capital stock . The weights and benchmark stocks are shown below in Table 4. One may object to the benchmark year used on the grounds that the economy did not reach full capacity until 1942, but using 1940 or 1942 would distort estimates with wartime investment. When geometric rates areRead MoreAn Exploration Of The Great Dictator1354 Words   |  6 Pages Running head: AN EXPLORATION OF THE GREAT DICTATOR (1940) 1 AN EXPLORATION OF THE GREAT DICTATOR (1940) 2 An Exploration of Charlie Chaplin s Influences, Symbolism, and Use of Sound in The Great Dictator (1940) Vincent G. Foisy Cleveland State University. An Exploration of Charlie Chaplin?s Influences, Symbolism, and Use of Sound in The Great Dictator (1940) In the early 1900?s, Charlie Chaplin became one of the most famous filmmakers in American history. His clumsyRead MoreThe American Dream and the Post War Era Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesrise from the depression. In the 1940’s, post World War II things changed and consumerism and feminism began to play a key role along with many other factors. There are many ways to describe the American dream and what aspects were influential to it, such as World War II, modernism, new technology and entertainment. The 1940’s was an interesting and critical time for the United States of America. World War II began in the late 1930’s and moved on into the 1940’s. The United States Army joinedRead MoreMarginalation Of Women In Tennessee WilliamsA Streetcar Named Desire1150 Words   |  5 Pagessociety of 1940s. They are held as possessions for admiration and housework. Neither of the men in the play treat them as they should be treated, and see them as nothing more than a housemaker and a child bearer. Also, it is made prominently clear by Williams that no woman would be able to survive without a man at that time. However, at some occasions, Williams portrays that women can prove to be challenging if undermined. Blanche Dubois is an epitome of this portrayal of women in the 1940s. She’s portrayedRead MoreThe Wars Of Memory And The Past951 Words   |  4 PagesThe decade of the 1940s was one of the most turbulent periods of modern Greek history with an long-lasting impact on the postwar social, political and intellectual life. The end of the Civil War was succeeded by ‘the wars of memory’ and the past proved to be ever-present. Shortly after the cessation of the armed conflicts in 1949 both the victorious Right and the defeated and outlawed Left sought to manipulate the collective memory of the 1940s in furtherance of their postwar political objectivesRead MoreWhat Causes War1271 Words   |  5 PagesOur way of life, and activities we engage in daily are affected by our culture. As culture varies over time and space, it would be challenging to prove war is universal. So is warfare inevitable, or even universal? Mead (1940:20) contends that war is an invention. With thi s conception, this paper attempts to argue that warfare materializes as a means to manage in some circumstance but not all. Firstly, to refute those who would argue that war is necessary and universal Mead (1940:21) suggested